A shekarun da aka riƙa gwagwarmayar neman ‘yancin akasarin ƙasashen Afrika, ƙasashen sun riƙa rabuwa zuwa ɗariƙu biyu – akwai mabiya tafarkin neman sauyi ‘yan gaba-dai-gaba-da i, waɗanda ake wa kallon na bisa turbar tsageranci ga Turawan Yamma. Ana kiran wannan ɓangare Casablanca Group. Sai kuma ‘yan ra’ayin riƙau mabiya ɗariƙar Turawan Yamma, waɗanda ake kira Monrovia Group.
To kafa ƙungiyar ECOWAS da ƙasashen Afrika ta Yamma suka yi a cikin 1975, ya wanzar da cikamakin neman ‘yancin tsayuwar ƙasashen da ƙafafuwan su, wajen samar da haɗin kai ta hanyar daidaito na bai-ɗaya, wajen zamantakewar ‘yan ƙasa, tafiyar da mulki, lamarin samar da tsaro a yankin, batun tattalin arziki, kiyaye muhalli, albarkatun ƙasa da inganta hanyoyin bunƙasa da ci gaban ƙasashen, har ma da batun samar da ilmi mai zurfi da wadatar aikin yi.
Wannan kyakkyawan buri da zurfin tunanin ECOWAS ya samu babban cikas, yayin da a ranar 25 ga Janairu, 2024 ƙasashen Mali, Burkina Faso da Nijar suka ayyana ficewa daga ƙungiyar mai mambobin ƙasashe 15.
Ficewar dai na da nasaba da dambarwar da ƙasashen suka ke kan yi da ECOWAS, tun bayan yawan juyin mulkin sojoji a Chadi, Mali, Guinea, Burkina da Nijar, tun daga 2020 zuwa yau.
ECOWAS ta maida masu martanin takunkumi, musamman kan ƙasashen Mali da Nijar, sai kuma barazanar yin amfani da ƙarfin soja kan Nijar, idan sojojin juyin mulki ba su maida hamɓararren shugaban mulkin farar hula ba, Mohammed Bazoum.
Duk wani ƙoƙarin jan hankalin sojojin mulkin Nijar don su sauka su koma bariki bai yi nasara ba.
Biyo bayan wannan barazana kan Nijar, sai Burkina Faso da Mali da kuma Nijar ɗin suka kafa ‘Kawsncen ‘Yan Ba-a-yi-maku-dole’, na “Alliance of Sahelian States”, suka za su tsaya bakin rai bakin fama su kare duk wani hare-haren da ECOWAS za ta kai wa Nijar.
Ƙasashen uku sun nuna cewa kowa ya taɓa ɗayan su, to tamkar ya taɓa dukkan su ukun ne. Kamar dai irin yadda ƙasashen da ke goyon bayan kafa ANC a 1955 suka nuna, lokacin da baƙaƙen Afrika ta Kudu ke fafutikar neman ‘yanci.
Kuma irin wannan ƙawanceceniyar taimakon juna a lokacin yaƙi na nan a cikin Sharuɗɗan Kafa Ƙungiyar NATO, ta Turawan Yamma da Amurka.
To ita dai ECOWAS ta kasa yin hoɓɓasan da zai ciyar da ita gaba, sai ma gazawar da ƙungiyar ta yi wajen kasa daƙile matsalar tsaro kamar ta dakarun ‘yan jihadin Boko Haram da ISWAP, cikin waɗanda suka kasa cimma wannan nasara kuwa, har da Najeriya.
Ƙasashen da suka yi juyin mulki irin su Nijar da suka fice daga ECOWAS, sun yi zargin cewa yanzu ƙungiyar ta zama ‘yar amshin Shatan Turawan Yamma, irin su Faransa da Ingila, ta sauka daga kan turbar da shugabannin farko masu kishi suka kafa ƙungiyar, wato kare muradun ƙasashen Afrika.
To yanzu dai ficewar da waɗannan ƙasashe uku suka yi daga ECOWAS, ya maida yankin kan tsoffin ɗariƙun nan biyu da aka bi aƙidar su kafin samun ‘yanci, wato ‘Casablanca Group’ da ‘Monrovia Group.’ A yanzu a gefe ɗaya ga ECOWAS ga kuma “Alliance of Sahel States”, wato Ƙungiyar Ƙawancen Ƙasashen Sahel.
Kwanan baya Firayi Ministan Nijar, Ali Lamine Zeine ya tafi ƙasashen Rasha, Tehran da Turkiyya domin su tattauna batun neman makamai. Sannan kuma Mahamat Idriss Deby na Chadi shi ma ya je Rasha kuma Rasha ta girke sojojin ta 1,000 a Bamako, babban birnin ƙasar Mali. Wasu sojojin na Rasha 100 sun fara dira Ouagadougou, babban birnin Burkina Faso a ranar 25 ga Janairu, ranar da ƙasashen uku suka ayyana ficewa daga ECOWAS.
Daidai lokacin kuma Sakataren Harkokin Wajen Amurka, Anthony Blinken ya ziyarci Najeriya da Cote d’Ivoire.
Iran ta nemi yin ƙawance da Nijar domin kakkaɓe mata ‘illolin’ Turawan Yamma.
Shugaba Bola Tinubu wanda ya zama Shugaban ECOWAS makonni biyar bayan rantsar da shi, a ranar 29 ga Mayu, 2023 ya na fuskantar gagarimar matsala guda uku. Ta farko matsalar tsaro a ƙasar sa. Ga Boko Haram da ‘yan bindiga masu garkuwa da mutane har a Abuja babban birnin Najeriya, kuma fadar sa. Matsala ta biyu kuma raɗaɗin tsadar rayuwa a Najeriya, wanda a yanzu za a iya cewa ‘yan ƙasar sa sun fi ɗanɗana tsadar rayuwa fiye da ƙasashen da aka sa wa takunkumi. Matsala ta uku kuma karyewar darajar Naira, wadda a yanzu ta kai N1,500 matsayin Dalar Amurka 1.
To akwai matsala ta huɗu, wadda ita ce ta ECOWAS. Ya zama wajibi a bi hanyar da za ta amfani dukkan ƙasashen Afrika ta Yamma domin a samu nagartacciyar dimokraɗiyya. Kada a bi hanyar da za ta kawo rabuwar kawuna a yankin.
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