Matsalolin da su ka dabaibaye manoma a Najeriya, musamman a Arewa, su na da yawan gaske. Sai dai a yi ta lissafi har a gaji a daina. Daga cikin su akwai irin matsalar da Umaru Tanko ke fuskanta a Jega, cikin Jihar Kebbi.
Shi Tanko, a shekarun baya idan ya yi noma, gonar sa kan yi yabanya sosai har ya samu amfanin gona mai tarin yawa. Amma yanzu kusan ƙasar gonar babu wata albarka a cikin ta, ko an yi noman ma a banza, ba a samun komai.
Ba Umaru Tanko ne kaɗai ke fuskantar wannan gagarimar matsalar canjin yanayi a cikin manoman Jega ba, mashahurin garin da ya yi suna da daɗewa wajen noma da kasuwanci a Jihar Kebbi. Wannan jiha dai na daga cikin jihohin da ke yankin Sahel a Arewacin Najeriya.
Lokacin da gwamnatin Najeriya ta ƙaddamar da shirin gwaji na Lamunin Ramce ga Manoma (Anchor Borrowers’ Programme) cikin 2015 a Jihar Kebbi, Tanko na cikin waɗanda su ka amfana da wannan bashi sama da mutum 70,000. Sai dai kuma a yanzu gonar sa na cikin gonakin da rairayi hamada ya maida tamkar sahara.
Abin ya zamar masu goma da ashirin. Saboda ga marmatsowar da sahara ke yi, har ta cimma gonakin su, ga rashin tsaro, ga matsalar ƙarancin abinci da tsadar sa, inda tsadar ta yi tashin gwauron zabon da ta kai kashi 20.60 a cikin Yuni 2022, daga kashi 9.5 a cikin Yuni 2015. Alƙawarin bunƙasa noma a ƙarƙashin shirin ABP bai biya wa manoma buƙata ba kenan, ballanta kuma talakawa masu sayen kayan abinci, domin ya yi tsadar gaske sosai a yanzu. Ƙoƙarin tallafa wa ƙananan manoma su bunƙasa ƙasa da abinci har a daina dogaro da shigo da shi daga waje, shi ne maƙasudin ƙirƙiro ABP.
Abincin da ake saffawa daga shinkafa shi ne aka fi yi a Najeriya, kamar wanda ake sarrafawa daga alkama irin su biredi da indomi.
A Najeriya mai yawan al’umma miliyan 200 ko fiye da haka, ana cin shinkafa metrik tan miliyan 6.7 a duk shekara, kamar yadda Hukumar Abinci ta Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta yi bayani a ƙididdigance. To amma daga lokacin da aka ƙaddamar da shirin lamunin manoma na ABP a 2015, wadda ake iya nomawa a cikin gida ba ta wuce metrik miliyan 3.7 ba, sauran kuwa duk shigo da ita ake yi daga waje, ta hanyar fasa-ƙwaurin ta a kan iyakokin ƙasar nan.
Shirin ABP an so ya rage shigo da abinci daga waje, ta yadda za a rage fitar da kuɗaɗe ana sayo kayan abinci a ƙasashen duniya.
Ma’anar wannan magana ita ce a riƙa samun kuɗi a cikin gida, musamman daidai lokacin da tattalin arzikin Najeriyaya ya shiga ƙaƙanikayi, a lokacin da farashin ɗanyen mai ya faɗi ƙasa warwas.
An kuma so ƙananan masana’antun casar shinkafa su taimaka sosai wajen cimma wannan ƙudiri na bunƙasa noman shinkafa.
Manajan Labana Rice Mills da ke sassafa shinkafa a Birnin Kebbi, mai suna Abdullahi Zuru, ya shaida wa wakilin mu cewa, “A baya mun kusa cimma ƙudirin samar da yawan shinkafar da ake buƙata kafin shirin ABP.”
A cikin shekaru biyu da fara shirin ABP, shinkafar da ake nomawa yawan ta ya ƙaru daga metrik tan miliyan 3.7 zuwa miliyan 4.5. A cikin 2021 kuma yawan ta ya kai metrik tan miliyan 5.
Zuwa 2016 shekara bayan fara shirin dai CBN ta ce ta raba wa manoma naira biliyan 11.7 a Jihar Kebbi kaɗai. Zuwa Afrilu da Mayu 200 kuma CBN ya ce ya raba wa manoma naira biliyan 57, don bunƙasa noman shinkafa, alkama da masara, duk a ƙarƙashin Lamunin Manoma na CBN Anchor Borrowers’ Programme (ABP).
Yadda Lalacewar Muhalli da Canjin Yanayi Su Ka Maida Hannun Agogo Baya:
Albarkacin shirin ABP, sai da aka samu manyan masana’antun casar shinkafa har 68 daga 10 da ake da su kafin 2015. Sai dai kuma yayin da ake ƙara samun yawan masana’antun casar shinkafar, ana fama da ƙarancin samfarerar shinkafa daga manoma. Hakan ya sa ƙoƙarin bunƙasa noman shinkafar ya riƙa samun koma baya sosai. Zuru ya shaida wa wakilin mu cewa waɗanda su ka rage a yanzu ba su kai kashi 40 bisa 100 ba.
Zaizayewar muhalli ko kusantowar Sahara ta shafi gonar Tanko a Jega.
Ba Jega ko Jihar Kebbi wannan lamari kaɗai ya shafa ba, akwai wasu jihohin Arewa kamar Adamawa, Bauchi, Barno, Gombe, Jigawa, Kano, Katsina, Sokoto da kuma Yobe da kuma Zamfara.”
An ƙiyasta Najeriya na yin asarar hekta 351,000 daga cikin hekta miliyan 70.9 na gonaki ga zaizayar hamada.
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