A watan Nuwamban 2018 BBC ta buga wani labari kan yadda yan Najeriya ke rige-rigen fadawa tarkon labaran karya wato “fake News” Saboda kawai a dama da su.
Bincike ya nuna cewa akwai labaran karya da dama, kuma yadda ake gaggawar yada labarai ba tare da an tantance gaskiyar su ba na da hatsarin gaske ganin cewa da dama daga ciki Kage ake yi wa IPOB ba tsantsagwaran gaskiya bane ake fadi game da ayyukan su musammam a yankin kudu Maso Gabashin kasar nan. Bayan haka hotuna da bidiyoyin da akan gyara domin su saje da labaran karyar na sake sanya jama’a cikin hadari fiye da yadda aka sani a baya. Musamman ma domin wasu daga cikin labaran an kirkiro su ne da burin yaudarar jama’a, su yarda da labaran karyar, wata sa’a kuma ta ma harzuka su ta yadda zai janyo rikici a cikin kasar.
Misali mai kyau dangane da wannan shi ne irin labaran da ake yadawa game da kungiyar fafutukar kafa kasa Biafra. Yawancin zarge-zargen da ake yadawa game da kungiyar ‘yan awaren farfaganda ne kawai da karairayin da ka iya sanya kasar cikin wani hali na ha’ula’i. Duk da cewa ba dukansu ne ke jan hankali, akwai labarai irin na su da yawa a kafofin sadarwa.
Yanayin jita-jitan da ke kewaye da ayyukan ‘yan kungiyar awaren IPOB
An kirkiro Kungiyar ‘yan asalin Biafra (IPOB) a shekarar 2014 a karkashin jagorancin Nnamdi Kanu. Kungiyar na gwagwarmayar samar da kasa mai cin gashin kanta daga cikin yankin kudu maso gabashin Najeriya inda mafi yawan al’ummar wurin ‘yan kabilar Igbo/Inyamurai ne.
Tun lokacin kungiyar ke fafutuka iri-iri a shafukan sadarwar intanet da ma kafafen yada labarai na gargajiya. Hasali ma wannan ne ya janyo zarge-zarge da dama wadanda suka yaudari jama’a.
A watan Satumban 2020, an wallafa wadansu hotuna a manhajan tiwita a shafin wani mai suna (@biafralandtwt_1) wadanda suka nuna wani kasaitaccen studiyo ko kuma dakin labaran da su ke zargi wai mallakar kungiyar IPOB ce a kasar Afirka ta Kudu. To sai dai bayan da muka duba hotunan da kyau sai muka ga cewa dakin labaran mallakar Al Jazeera ne da wani kamfanin labaran Amirka da ake kira “The Hill”.
Wannan zargin ya dade a kafofin sadarwar yanar gizo domin ya dauki hankalin jama’a sosai da yawa sun yi ta tsokaci kamar haka “wannan na da kyau. Biafra ta yi abin da kafofin yada labaran Najeriya ba za su taba iyawa ba. Wannan ya nuna cewa lallai, idan har suka balle ba abin da ba za su iya yi ba” in ji @j-storg_ a shafin tiwita.
Haka kuma a watan Fabrairun 2021 wani @AzubuikeOnovo ya wallafa hoton wani jirgin da ya lalace tare da tsokaci mai cewa kungiyar tsaron yankin gabashin kasar wato ESN ko kuma reshen tsaron kungiyar IPOB ce ta kakkabo jirgin. Mutane da yawa sun yi muhawara da labarin wasu ma har sun tabka zazzafar mahawara.
Duk da haka, bayan da aka tantance hoton sai aka gano cewa ya dade a yanar gizo tun 28 ga watan Satumban 2018. Hasali ma jaridar Africa News ce ta wallafa labarin lokacin da wadansu jiragen rundunar yakin saman Najeriya, kirar F-7Ni suka yi hatsari a Katampe a Abuja.
A wani abun mai kama da wannan tashar labaran Biafra ta wallafa wani hoto a shafin Facebook mai dauke da gawawwakin wasu maza shidda kwance a kasa jama’a sun kewaye su. Mai amfani da shafin ya yi zargin cewa mambobin kungiyar IPOB ne wadanda dakarun Najeriya suka kashe. Sai dai a wannan karon ma bayan da aka tantance hoton, an gano cewa hoto ne da aka wallafa a shafuka da dama a watan Nuwamban shekarar 2017 lokacin da kungiya ta musamman ta yaki da masu aikata miyagun laifuka (SARS) ta kashe wasu manyan barayi shidda wadanda a wancan lokacin ake zargin sun sace wata mata a jihar Cross Rivers.
Zarge-zargen da ke kewaye da kamen Nnamdi Kanu
Nnamdi Kanu, shugaban kungiyar IPOB ya shiga hannun mahukuntan Najeriya ranar 14 ga watan Octoba 2015 bayan da ya shafe shekaru yana neman kafa kasar Biafra mai cin gashin kanta. Da ya yi kusan shekaru biyu yana kulle an sake shi a kan beli a watan Afrilun 2017 amma ya tsere daga kasar bayan da sojoji suka shiga gidan shi a jihar Abia lokacin wani samamen da suka kai kan mambobin kungiyar IPOB.
Yayin da yake buya, shugaban ‘yan awaren ya cigaba da jagorantar ayyukan IPOB a turai har zuwa watan Yunin 2021 lokacin da Antoni Janar na kasar kuma ministan shari’a Abubakar Malami ya sanar cewa an tsare Kanu sakamakon wata hadin gwiwa tsaknain jami’an leken asirin Najeriya da na tsaro.
Malami ya ce Kanu ya karya sharuddan belin shi na 2017 dan haka aka maido shi domin ya gurfana a gaban kuliya ya amsa kararraki 11 da aka shigar. Wannan sake kama Kanun da aka yi ya janyo martanoni da yawa a duk fadin kasar, sa’annan ana cikin haka sai wani bidiyo ya fito a kafofin sada zumuntan soshiyal mediya ya na zargin cewa mambobin IPOB sun shirya wata gagarumar zanga-zangar nuna adawa da sake kama shugabansu da aka yi. Bidiyon ya gwado mambobin kungiyar IPOB dauke da tutocin Biafra suna raira wakoki da kasidun yaki.
Sai dai a zahiri bidiyon na 2015 ne aka sake yayatawa domin sanya tsoro a zukatan jama’a. Wannan ya janyo matsala a Port Harcourt da ma fargaba a zukatan al’ummar da ba su jib a su gani ba.
Wadannan labaran sun janyo martanoni sosai a soshiyal midiya, domin mutane suna ta sake rabawa su na tsokaci a kai ba tare da sun tantance gaskiyar ba. Misali mai kyau a shafin Facebook shi ne sadda tsohon ministan sufurin sama a Najeriya, Femi Fani-Kayode ya sanya labarin a shafin shi, mutane fiye da dubu 6 sun yi ma’amala da labarin.
Gaskiyar wannan lamarin ya zo daidai da sakamakon binciken da ya nuna cewa kasi 59 cikin 100 na labaran da ake sake rabawa a shafukan yanar gizo, akasarin masu rabawan suna yin hakan ne ba tare da sun karanta labaran ba. Binciken ya ce dalilin da ya sa ake yawan samun labaran karyan ke nan domin mutane suna raba labarin idan har kanun ya dauki idanunsu ko kuma ya yi musu dadi, ba tare da sun san abin da ke cikin labarin ba.
Wannan binciken ba saukin yadawar labaran karya kadai yake nunawa ba, hatta irin illolin da wannan dabi’ar zai iya janyo wa masu amfani da shafukan
A Karshe
Yaduwar labaran karya a soshiyal mediya da tasirin da yake da shi kan masu amfani da shi a Najeriya na iya kasancewa karfen kafa ga yunkurin samar da kwanciyar hankali, hadin kai da ci gaba. A bayyane ya ke cewa duk wani zargin da aka danganta da IPOB na daukar hankali kuma a yanyin kasa kamar Najeriya wadda ke da kabilu, al’adu da addinai daban-daban hakan na tattare da sarkakiya.
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